Exploring Synergistic Effects of Combined Chemotherapeutic and Statin Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Biochemistry division, Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University

2 Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

3 Biochemistry division, Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University.

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing a particularly aggressive and treatment-resistant subtype. TNBC does not express estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or HER2, making it ineligible for hormone or HER2-targeted therapies. Consequently, treatment options for TNBC are limited, and the prognosis is often poor. This highlights a critical need for innovative therapeutic strategies that can effectively target this challenging cancer subtype. This study aims to evaluates the synergistic anticancer effects of combining doxorubicin (DOX) and atorvastatin (ATO) on triple-negative breast cancer using the MDA-MB-231 cell line. The combination of DOX and ATO significantly lowered the IC50 value to 10 µM from individual IC50s of 19.9 µM (DOX) and 12.2 µM (ATO), indicating increased efficacy. Analysis using the Combination Index (CI) revealed strong synergism (CI < 1), notably at high (CI = 0.28144 at 50 µM total dose) and low concentrations (CI = 0.47037 at 3.12 µM). Additionally, the Dose Reduction Index (DRI) indicated that effective doses could be significantly reduced (DRI > 6 at Fa = 0.9), suggesting potential for lower side effects. These results advocate for the combined use of DOX and ATO in TNBC treatment and warrant further clinical validation.

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